How to identify Russula

To correctly identify Russula (Russula), check each of these features in order. Misidentification is the most common cause of mushroom poisoning, so cross-reference multiple sources.

Step-by-step identification

1. 1

   Cap

   Shape, color, surface texture, and diameter.

   The cap of Russula mushrooms can vary in color, ranging from red, pink, and purple to green, brown, and white. The shape can be convex to flattened, and the surface can be dry or sticky.

2. 2

   Gills

   Attachment to stem, color, and spacing.

   The gills of Russula mushrooms are brittle and often have a chalky texture. They are typically white or cream-colored.

3. 3

   Stem

   Length, shape, surface, and any ring.

   The stem of Russula mushrooms is typically white or pale in color and is smooth to slightly rough.

4. 4

   Flesh

   Color, texture, and bruising reaction.

   The flesh of Russula mushrooms is typically white and brittle.

5. 5

   Fruiting body

   Overall growth pattern.

   Russula mushrooms are medium to large in size, with a cap diameter ranging from 5 to 20 cm.

6. 6

   Habitat

   Where it grows and on what substrate.

   Russula mushrooms are found in forests, both coniferous and deciduous, where they form mycorrhizal relationships with trees.

Key Facts

Cap surfaces

Dry or sticky

Growth Form

Solitary or scattered

Spore Print

White to yellowish

Body color

Variable, including red, pink, purple, green, brown, and white

Odor

Variable, depending on the species

Flesh bruises

Variable, depending on the species

Height

5-15 cm

Cap Diameter

5-20 cm

Fruit body characteristics

• Gill attachment: Adnate to decurrent
• Stem shape: Cylindrical
• Stem surface: Smooth to slightly rough
• Ring: Absent
• Stem cross-section: Solid

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