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Russula is a diverse genus of mushrooms characterized by their brittle gills and the absence of a ring or volva. They come in a variety of colors and sizes, and their edibility varies widely, with some being choice edibles and others being toxic.
How to Identify
- Cap
- The cap of Russula mushrooms can vary in color, ranging from red, pink, and purple to green, brown, and white. The shape can be convex to flattened, and the surface can be dry or sticky.
- Gills
- The gills of Russula mushrooms are brittle and often have a chalky texture. They are typically white or cream-colored.
- Stem
- The stem of Russula mushrooms is typically white or pale in color and is smooth to slightly rough.
- Flesh
- The flesh of Russula mushrooms is typically white and brittle.
- Fruiting body
- Russula mushrooms are medium to large in size, with a cap diameter ranging from 5 to 20 cm.
- Habitat
- Russula mushrooms are found in forests, both coniferous and deciduous, where they form mycorrhizal relationships with trees.
Key Facts
- Cap surfaces: Dry or sticky
- Growth Form: Solitary or scattered
- Spore Print: White to yellowish
- Body color: Variable, including red, pink, purple, green, brown, and white
- Odor: Variable, depending on the species
- Flesh bruises: Variable, depending on the species
- Height: 5-15 cm
- Cap Diameter: 5-20 cm
- Nutrient gathering: Mycorrhizal
Toxic
Moderate ToxicitySome Russula species are toxic and can cause gastrointestinal upset if ingested. It is important to properly identify Russula mushrooms before consuming them.
Quick Check
- Odor: Variable, can be mild, fruity, or peppery
- Fruiting: Summer to fall
- Substrate: Soil in forests
Where to Find
Forests
Russula mushrooms are commonly found in forests, both coniferous and deciduous, where they form mycorrhizal relationships with trees.
Finding Tips
Habitat
Look for Russula mushrooms near trees, especially in areas with moist soil and leaf litter.
Gills
Check for brittle gills, which is a key characteristic of Russula mushrooms.
Similar Species
Hygrophoropsis aurantiaca
mushroom
Also known as: False chanterelle
Scientific Classification
- Phylum
- Basidiomycota
- Class
- Agaricomycetes
- Order
- Russulales
- Family
- Russulaceae
- Genus
- Russula
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