How to identify Rufous Milkcap

To correctly identify Rufous Milkcap (Lactifluus rufus), check each of these features in order. Misidentification is the most common cause of mushroom poisoning, so cross-reference multiple sources.

Step-by-step identification

1. 1

   Cap

   Shape, color, surface texture, and diameter.

   The cap is typically 4-10 cm in diameter, convex to flattened, often with a central depression (depressed). The color is reddish-brown to rusty-brown, and the surface is smooth to slightly wrinkled.

2. 2

   Gills

   Attachment to stem, color, and spacing.

   The gills are adnate to slightly decurrent, crowded, and pale reddish-brown in color. They may stain brownish where damaged.

3. 3

   Stem

   Length, shape, surface, and any ring.

   The stem is typically 3-7 cm long and 1-2 cm thick, cylindrical or slightly tapering towards the base. The color is similar to the cap, and the surface is smooth to slightly hairy.

4. 4

   Flesh

   Color, texture, and bruising reaction.

   The flesh is firm and brittle, with a pale reddish-brown color. When cut, it exudes a white to cream-colored latex that may turn slightly yellowish upon exposure to air.

5. 5

   Fruiting body

   Overall growth pattern.

   The fruiting body of Lactifluus rufus is a mushroom with a reddish-brown cap and a stem. When damaged, it exudes a milky latex.

6. 6

   Habitat

   Where it grows and on what substrate.

   Lactifluus rufus is commonly found in coniferous forests, often associated with pine trees. It typically fruits in late summer and autumn.

Key Facts

Cap surfaces

Smooth to slightly wrinkled

Growth Form

Mycorrhizal

Spore Print

Cream to pale yellow

Body color

Reddish-brown

Odor

Indistinct or slightly fruity

Flesh bruises

Latex may turn slightly yellowish

Height

3-7 cm

Cap Diameter

4-10 cm

Fruit body characteristics

• Gill attachment: Adnate to slightly decurrent
• Stem shape: Cylindrical or slightly tapering
• Stem surface: Smooth to slightly hairy
• Ring: Absent
• Stem cross-section: Solid

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