How to identify Matt Milk Cap

To correctly identify Matt Milk Cap (Lactarius helvus), check each of these features in order. Misidentification is the most common cause of mushroom poisoning, so cross-reference multiple sources.

Step-by-step identification

1. 1

   Cap

   Shape, color, surface texture, and diameter.

   The cap is typically 5-12 cm in diameter, convex to flattened, and often has a central depression. The surface is matte, dry, and can be various shades of tan or ochre. It may have faint concentric zones.

2. 2

   Gills

   Attachment to stem, color, and spacing.

   The gills are adnate to slightly decurrent, crowded, and pale ochre in color. They may stain slightly brownish with age or when damaged.

3. 3

   Stem

   Length, shape, surface, and any ring.

   The stem is cylindrical, slender, and typically the same color as the cap or slightly paler. It is usually hollow and can be brittle.

4. 4

   Flesh

   Color, texture, and bruising reaction.

   The flesh is thin and brittle, with a pale color. It does not typically change color when bruised.

5. 5

   Fruiting body

   Overall growth pattern.

   The fruiting body of Lactarius helvus is a medium-sized mushroom with a cap and stem. It exudes a milky latex when damaged, though this feature may be subtle.

6. 6

   Habitat

   Where it grows and on what substrate.

   Lactarius helvus is found in coniferous forests, often associated with pine trees. It fruits in late summer and autumn.

Key Facts

Cap surfaces

Dry, matte

Growth Form

Mycorrhizal

Spore Print

Cream to pale ochre

Body color

Tan, ochre, or brownish

Odor

Distinctive, fenugreek-like

Flesh bruises

No significant bruising

Height

5-10 cm

Cap Diameter

5-12 cm

Fruit body characteristics

• Gill attachment: Adnate to slightly decurrent
• Stem shape: Cylindrical
• Stem surface: Smooth
• Ring: Absent
• Stem cross-section: Hollow

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