How to identify Bell-cap

To correctly identify Bell-cap (Conocybe), check each of these features in order. Misidentification is the most common cause of mushroom poisoning, so cross-reference multiple sources.

Step-by-step identification

1. 1

   Cap

   Shape, color, surface texture, and diameter.

   The cap is typically conical or bell-shaped, often with a smooth or slightly wrinkled surface. The color can range from tan to brown or ochre.

2. 2

   Gills

   Attachment to stem, color, and spacing.

   The gills are usually adnate to adnexed, meaning they are attached to the stem but not running down it. They are typically pale brown or ochre.

3. 3

   Stem

   Length, shape, surface, and any ring.

   The stem is long, thin, and hollow, with a smooth surface. It is usually the same color as the cap or slightly lighter.

4. 4

   Flesh

   Color, texture, and bruising reaction.

   Thin and fragile.

5. 5

   Fruiting body

   Overall growth pattern.

   Small and delicate.

6. 6

   Habitat

   Where it grows and on what substrate.

   Grassy areas, woodlands, and gardens.

Key Facts

Cap surfaces

smooth or slightly wrinkled

Growth Form

solitary or in small groups

Spore Print

rusty brown

Body color

tan to brown or ochre

Odor

not distinctive

Flesh bruises

no bruising

Height

3 to 8 cm

Cap Diameter

0.5 to 3 cm

Fruit body characteristics

• Gill attachment: adnate to adnexed
• Stem shape: cylindrical
• Stem surface: smooth
• Ring: absent
• Stem cross-section: hollow

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